I have samples of 9mm Luger ammo with headstamps dating to the s that are factory jacketed hollowpoints. The problem? None of them worked. However, Lee Jurras gets kudos for producing the first effective factory jacketed hollowpoints for handguns. This is why the pre-Jurras JHPs failed. The jackets were too thick and rigid to expand at handgun velocities.
Centerfire rifle technology did not export well to the modest velocity regimes common to handguns. It is in the bullet jacket that we see Jurras's great contribution. Although nondescript by most of today's standards, they were made extra-thin to allow them to deform at modest velocities, permitting the lead core to "bloom.
When I joined Speer Bullets in the late s, I found some old drawings in my predecessor's files that were marked as being for building Super Vel bullets. They showed the jackets as being supplied by the customer, Super Vel. I asked a Speer "old-timer" who remembered the negotiations. He said Jurras had a factory that specialized in metal buttons build the jackets. They could produce thinner jackets from nonferrous metals like copper than could the bulletmakers of the time. It made sense.
Traditional jackets in non-Jurras hollowpoints were badly underengineered. Their sole contribution to the formula was in allowing the bullet to be driven faster than feasible with factory lead bullets, reducing bore fouling. Otherwise, their typical.
If the jacket deformed, it was often asymmetrical, splitting down one side and often unceremoniously dumping out the core. Faced with an upstart like Super Vel doing it right, the "majors" scrambled to catch up. Remington showed the first real jacket upgrade, and the company did it to the hilt.
The Core-Lokt softpoint rifle bullet had a deeply scalloped jacket edge that was properly tapered. Although easily adapted to handgun bullets with a tooling change to the final draw punch, this modification was the most aggressive of the approaches. The bullets also had a lot of exposed lead that helped at. The scalloped edge and internal fluting allowed nicely symmetrical mushrooms — a huge improvement over other companies' early offerings.
The bullets had extra-thin jackets that allowed them to expand. Winchester first moved to adding folds at the jacket mouth to encourage symmetrical expansion at modest velocities. Lead bullets spin and fly just like a jacketed bullet, but they also deform in tissue, giving you something of the best of all worlds.
However, the advent of smokeless powders and the faster velocities required the use of jacketed ammunition in newer firearms. At the dawn of the 20th century, the standard self-defense cartridges were to use cast lead or to just not give a crap and load FMJ. Bear in mind, a through-and-through with pistol cartridges of that era weren't as big a deal as you'd think. Most common civilian semi-auto pistol calibers were small and rather anemic, with. The same idea also applies to revolver cartridges of the era such as.
In other words, over-penetration wasn't always the greatest concern because most pistol calibers were rather weak. Cast lead or FMJ If the bullet went through the target, it would have been robbed of enough energy to not be a significant danger to anyone close by That said, an obvious need emerged for a bullet design that could penetrate but would also slow down in tissue to reduce overpenetration, which became a much more acute issue with the advent of.
Wadcutter and semiwadcutter bullets are cast lead bullets. A wadcutter is a plug of lead crimped into the cartridge case the entire bullet is set inside the case itself and a semiwadcutter is likewise a solid projectile, but with a flat nose and tapered shoulder. An SWC is something of a halfway point between a round nose and a wadcutter.
Both projectiles are common in target shooting, but SWC projectiles being cast solids were largely developed for hunting. That said, through-and-throughs are a danger in the urban environment, which led to the development of the SWCHP.
Semiwadcutter hollow points are a semiwadcutter with a depression in the nose of the bullet. Just like with a dumdum bullet, this puts hydraulic pressure on the interior of the projectile, causing expansion to take place. Now, they don't work as well as modern JHP, but they worked well enough when used in service pistols typically 4-inch revolvers to be the standard for a few decades. JSP bullets are semi-jacketed, with a hard copper jacket and an exposed lead core.
They were mostly used as hunting ammunition, but eventually were adopted as self-defense ammunition by law enforcement and civilians alongside SWCHP designs. JSP bullets are also still used in handgun hunting applications, and are still the default hunting projectile design for rifle hunting. For information about how to add references, see Template:Citation.
Solid lead bullets, when cast from a soft alloy, will often deform and provide some expansion if they hit the target at a high velocity. This, combined with the limited velocity and penetration attainable with muzzleloading firearms, meant there was little need for extra expansion.
The first hollow-point bullets were marketed in the late 19th century as express bullets , and were hollowed out to reduce the bullet's mass and provide higher velocities. In addition to providing increased velocities, the hollow also turned out to provide significant expansion, especially when the bullets were cast in a soft lead alloy.
Originally intended for rifles, the popular. With the advent of smokeless powder , velocities increased, and bullets got smaller, faster, and lighter. These new bullets especially in rifles needed to be jacketed to handle the conditions of firing. The new full metal jacket bullets tended to penetrate straight through a target and produce little damage. This led to the development of the soft point bullet and later jacketed hollow-point bullets at the British arsenal in Dum Dum , near Calcutta around Designs included the.
Although such bullet designs were quickly outlawed for use in warfare in , the Germans complained they breached the Laws of War , they steadily gained ground among hunters due to the ability to control the expansion of the new high velocity cartridges. At rifle velocities, a hollow point is not needed for reliable expansion and most rifle ammunition makes use of tapered jacket designs to achieve the mushrooming effect.
At the lower handgun velocities, hollow point designs are generally the only design which will expand reliably. Hollow-point bullets were used in the Virginia Tech massacre. These bullets exacerbated the victims' wounds and disfigured the shooter's face when he took his own life. Modern hollowpoint bullet designs use many different methods to provide controlled expansion, including:.
The Hague Convention of , Declaration III, prohibited the use in international warfare of bullets that easily expand or flatten in the body. Petersburg Declaration of , which banned exploding projectiles of less than grams, as well as weapons designed to aggravate injured soldiers or make their death inevitable. NATO members do not use small arms ammunition that is prohibited by the Hague Convention [ citation needed ].
Despite the ban on military use, hollow-point bullets are one of the most common types of bullets used by civilians and police, [4] which is due largely to the reduced risk of bystanders being hit by over-penetrating or ricocheted bullets , and the increased speed of incapacitation.
In many jurisdictions, even ones such as the United Kingdom , where expanding ammunition is generally prohibited, it is illegal to hunt certain types of game with ammunition that does not expand. All expanding ammunition, including hollow point bullets, falls under Section 5 prohibited weapons of the Firearms Act and so is illegal to possess or transfer without the written permission of the Home Secretary. The law is in conflict with 'Schedule 2' of 'The Deer Act ', prohibiting the use of any ammunition other than soft-nosed or hollow-point bullets for the killing of deer.
Because of this conflict, Section 5A 4 allows the police licensing authority to add a condition to a firearm certificate for possession of expanding ammunition for: [5] [8]. The state of New Jersey bans possession of hollow point bullets by civilians except for ammunition possessed at one's dwelling, premises or other land owned or possessed. The law also requires all hollow point ammunition to be transported directly from the place of purchase to one's home, or by members of a rifle or pistol club directly to a place of target practice, or directly to an authorized target range from the place of purchase or one's home.
In early , Winchester introduced the " Black Talon ", a newly designed hollow-point handgun bullet which used a specially designed, reverse tapered jacket.
The jacket was cut at the hollow to intentionally weaken it, and these cuts allowed the jacket to open into six petals upon impact. The thick jacket material kept the tips of the jacket from bending as easily as a normal thickness jacket. The slits that weakened the jacket left triangular shapes in the tip of the jacket, and these triangular sections of jacket would end up pointing out after expansion, leading to the "Talon" name. The bullets were coated with a black colored, paint-like lubricant called "Lubalox," and loaded into nickel-plated brass cases, which made them visually stand out from other ammunition.
While actual performance of the Black Talon rounds was not significantly better than any other comparable high performance hollow-point ammunition, the reverse taper jacket did provide reliable expansion under a wide range of conditions, and many police departments adopted the round. Winchester's "Black Talon" product name was eventually used against them.
After a high profile shooting at California Street , San Francisco in , media response against Winchester was swift. While plausible, there are no recorded cases of such an infection occurring in relation to the Black Talon bullets.
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